Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for developing advanced materials with unique properties suitable for environmental applications. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of novel nanocomposite materials for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Our team synthesized a series of nanocomposites using sol-gel and hydrothermal methods, integrating metal oxides with graphene derivatives to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. Characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, and FTIR were employed to analyze the structural and chemical properties of the synthesized materials. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated under UV and visible light irradiation using common organic pollutants. The findings reveal that the engineered nanocomposites exhibit superior photocatalytic performance compared to conventional materials, achieving a degradation rate of over 90% within a shortened reaction time. These results demonstrate the potential application of the developed materials in effective environmental remediation processes. Conclusively, this research underscores the significance of nanocomposite engineering in advancing sustainable solutions for pollution control.