📝 Abstract

Present study was conducted to determine the levels of heavy metals and metalloids in the soil and vegetable irrigated with sewage waste. We also calculated the enrichment coefficient, transfer coefficients, pollution load index and health risk index. Soil and vegetable samples were subjected to wet digestion and metal analysis by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The levels of all metals and metalloids in the soil were below the maximum permissible limits in the study area. However, concentrations of Mn, Zn, As, Ni and Mo were higher than maximum permissible limits in Momordica charantia. Highest enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficients were recorded for Cr and Cd, respectively. Higher levels of Pollution Load Index (PLI) for Cd, Pb, Mo, Cu, Co, As and Se suggested that quality of the soil in the study area is appropriate for vegetable growth and agricultural use. Only Co, Fe, Cr and Cu had health risk index below the limit which could be consider safe.

🏷️ Keywords

Heavy metalsMomordica charantiapollution load indexhealth risk index
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Citation

Zafar Iqbal Khan1, Kafeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Ashraf2, Rukhsana Parveen1,Irfan Mustafa1, Zahara Bibi1,Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1,and Nudrat Aisha Akram3 \n 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan\n\n2University College of Ag. (2023). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and metalloids in the soil and vegetable (Momordica charantia) irrigated with sewage water in district jhang, pakistan. Cithara Journal, 63(2). ISSN: 0009-7527