The research compares the frequency of occurrence of cognitive distortions of the employed and the unemployed with the aid of 10 categories of cognitive distortions based on the Beck\'s Cognitive Theory and it investigates the possible links to the positive and/or negative emotions. The research sample consisted of 336 respondents. Cognitive distortions were identified by means of daily records containing 10 pages per diary. The factor analysis generated various factors of cognitive distortions within the researched groups and the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient revealed the differences in relationships among cognitive distortions within the observed groups in relation to the positive and negative emotions. Occurrence of positive and negative emotions was observed by means of the SEHP methodology.