This research has conducted in order to examine the effect of local Rhizobium sp. isolate and phosphate fertilization on the yield and protein content of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) under dry conditions in Şanlıurfa, Turkey. Common vetch cultivars Görkem and Rhizobium sp. V5 isolate were used as materials. The experiment was set up according to randomized complete block design. While the highest dry forage yield and yields were determined in the inoculation and 8 kg phosphorus treatment, the highest crude protein yield were obtained from the Rhizobium inoculation and 4 kg P treatment. The inoculation and 4 kg phosphorus treatment also had the highest nodule number. Inoculation and 4 kg phosphorus treatment increased the first pod height. Inoculation and phosphorus treatment can be recommended for similar ecological conditions for maximum protein content in common vetch.